%0 Figure %A Song, Shu-Wei %A Zhang, Yi-Cai %A Wen, Lin %A Wang, Hanquan %D 2013 %T The dependence of (a) the HP + Hs and (b) the total Hamiltonian H on δ and y0, with parameters N = 5 × 104, κ = 2.0, η = 0.0096 and R = 64 in the 23Na condensate %U https://iop.figshare.com/articles/figure/_The_dependence_of_a_the_em_H_sub_P_sub_em_em_H_sub_s_sub_em_and_b_the_total_Hamiltonian_em_H_em_on_/1012196 %R 10.6084/m9.figshare.1012196.v1 %2 https://iop.figshare.com/ndownloader/files/1480018 %K parameters N %K quantum numbers %K strength %K 23 Na condensate %K Ground State %K atom densities %K Hamiltonian H %K square vortex lattice phase %K y 0 %K calculations show %K hp %K z direction %K displacement decreases %K moment %K Atomic Physics %K Molecular Physics %X

Figure 8. The dependence of (a) the HP + Hs and (b) the total Hamiltonian H on δ and y0, with parameters N = 5 × 104, κ = 2.0, η = 0.0096 and R = 64 in the 23Na condensate. The unit of Hp, Hs and H is ω and the unit of δ and y0 is a_{\perp }=\sqrt{\hbar /M\omega }.

Abstract

We analytically and numerically investigate the ground state of spin–orbit coupled spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensates in an external parabolic potential. When the spin–orbit coupling is introduced, spatial displacement exists between the atom densities of components with different magnetic quantum numbers. The analytical calculations show this displacement reaches a maximum when the spin–orbit coupling strength is comparable with that of the trapping potential. As the spin–orbit coupling strength gets larger and larger, the spatial displacement decreases at a rate inversely proportional to the spin–orbit coupling strength. Correspondingly, periphery half-skyrmion textures arise; this displacement can be reflected by the non-uniform magnetic moment in the z direction. With the manipulation of the external trap, the local magnitude of the non-uniform magnetic moment can be increased evidently. This kind of increase of the local magnetic moment is also observed in the square vortex lattice phase of the condensate.

%I IOP Publishing